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Study Resources
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Biological classification (taxonomy) is the process of organizing living organisms into groups based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships. Scientists use this system to understand the diversity of life and how different organisms relate to each other. This system also allows healthcare professionals to use precise names when talking about pathogens, helping ensure accuracy in patient care and safety.
Evolution is the central concept that unifies all of biology. It explains how living organisms change over time and how diverse life forms have arisen from common ancestors. Understanding evolution provides the foundation for grasping other biological topics, from genetics to ecology to human anatomy.
The human body is made up of organ systems—groups of organs that work together to perform specific functions. These systems are interconnected and rely on homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain internal stability. Below, we explore each major system and how it contributes to health.
What You’ll Learn The structure and roles of DNA and RNA The steps of protein synthesis (transcription and translation) The difference between mitosis and meiosis, and why it matters How Mendel’s laws explain inheritance patterns How to use Punnett squares to predict genetic outcomes Why It’s Important In nursing and healthcare: Understanding DNA helps explain genetic disorders, drug responses, and disease mechanisms. Mitosis and meiosis explain cancer growth and inherited conditions. Protein synthesis connects to how the body makes enzymes and hormones. Mendelian genetics helps predict the likelihood of passing on genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell anemia.
This comprehensive study guide dives into the essential topic of cell structure and function—a cornerstone of HESI A2 Biology and a crucial foundation for success in nursing school and beyond. Designed for students with or without a biology background, it breaks down complex cellular concepts into easy-to-understand explanations, clear examples, and practical applications in nursing and healthcare.
Biology is a fundamental part of the HESI A2 exam, covering cells, genetics, metabolism, microbiology, and human biology. This study guide gives in-depth explanations, definitions, and examples to master every topic. Introduction to Biology What is Biology? Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, evolution, distribution, and environmental interactions. It is a vast field that spans multiple levels of organization, from molecular biology (DNA, proteins) to cell biology (organelles, cellular processes), human anatomy and physiology, genetics, ecology, and evolutionary biology. Biologists explore how organisms maintain homeostasis, reproduce, adapt, and interact with their surroundings, helping us understand everything from disease mechanisms to biodiversity and conservation.
This lesson explains how genetic information is stored in DNA, how it’s transcribed into mRNA, and how that mRNA is translated into proteins. You'll learn the structure of DNA and RNA and the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes in the process of protein synthesis.
This lesson describes the cell structure and two different types of cells. The lesson also explores the functions of various cell parts and their organization.
